Sources

International Comparisons

  1. https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/fund-reports/2017/jul/mirror-mirror-2017-international-comparison-reflects-flaws-and
  2. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-02-24/spain-tops-italy-as-world-s-healthiest-nation-while-u-s-slips
  3. http://thepatientfactor.com/canadian-health-care-information/world-health-organizations-ranking-of-the-worlds-health-systems/
  4. https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/chart-collection/quality-u-s-healthcare-system-compare-countries/

Excess Administrative Costs

  1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25540104
  2. https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/journal-article/2014/sep/comparison-hospital-administrative-costs-eight-nations-us
  3. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa022033
  4. https://www.aha.org/system/files/2018-01/factsheet-hospital-billing-explained-9-2017.pdf
  5. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/16/upshot/costs-health-care-us.html
  6. https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/healthcare/reports/2019/04/08/468302/excess-administrative-costs-burden-u-s-health-care-system/
  7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2690367/
  8. https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/total-active-physicians/?currentTimeframe=0&selectedDistributions=primary-care-physicians--specialist-physicians--total&selectedRows=%7B%22wrapups%22:%7B%22united-states%22:%7B%7D%7D%7D&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D
  9. http://www.truthsabouthealthcare.com/costs/why-the-united-states-health-care-system-costs-so-much-part-six-administrative-costs/
  10. https://www.advisory.com/daily-briefing/2018/07/23/administrative-costs
  11. http://thehealthcareblog.com/blog/2011/03/24/the-incredible-and-wasteful-complexity-of-the-us-healthcare-system/
  12. https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-01/pfan-hcp010320.php

Systematic Overutilization

  1. http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2014/04/25/when-less-is-more-issues-of-overuse-in-health-care/
  2. http://archive.dartmouthatlas.org/downloads/reports/agenda_for_change.pdf
  3. Https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5511697/
  4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5587107/
  5. https://arcdigital.media/u-s-health-care-reality-check-2-over-utilization-e2ee3d4e28f7

Foregone Revenue from Tax Exemption for Employer Sponsored health Insurance

  1. https://www.cbo.gov/publication/55085
  2. https://www.ebri.org/content/what-does-the-future-hold-for-the-employment-based-health-benefits-system
  3. https://www.cbo.gov/publication/53826
  4. https:/ cbo.gov/budget-options/2016/52246/w

Transforming payment models / Affordable Care Organizations / Integrated Delivery Systems

  1. http://archive.dartmouthatlas.org/downloads/reports/agenda_for_change.pdf
  2. https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/03_accountable_care_organizations.pdf
  3. http://healthcare-communications.imedpub.com/integrated-delivery-systems-idss-as-a-means-of-reducing-costs-and-improving-healthcare-delivery.pdf
  4. http://essentialhospitals.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Integrated-Health-Care-Literature-Review-Webpost-8-22-13-CB.pdf
  5. https://catalyst.nejm.org/transitioning-fee-for-service-value-based-care/
  6. https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/PhysicianFeedbackProgram/index.html
  7. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/860003

Transparency in hospital pricing

  1. https://www.commonwealthfund.org/blog/2019/hospital-price-transparency-making-it-useful-patients
  2. https://www.modernhealthcare.com/reports/achieving-transparency-in-healthcare/#!/
  3. https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20190625.974595/full/

Exogenous Factors

  1. https://ourworldindata.org/the-link-between-life-expectancy-and-health-spending-us-focus
  2. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/
  3. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html
  4. https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/index.htm
  5. https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/walking/call-to-action/pdf/status-report.pdf
  6. https://www.healthcarefinancenews.com/news/healthier-population-will-lead-lower-healthcare-costs-healthcare-pros-tell-senate-panel

Chronic disease

  1. https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/about/costs/index.htm

Insurance Coverage by Type

  1. https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2018/demo/p60-264.html

Size of the US healthcare Insurance Industry

  1. https://www.ibisworld.com/industry-trends/market-research-reports/finance-insurance/carriers-related-activities/health-medical-insurance.html

Employer sponsored insurance

  1. https://www.peoplekeep.com/blog/what-percent-of-health-insurance-is-paid-by-employers
  2. https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2018/demo/p60-264.html

Personal spending by Medicare/Medicaid recipients

  1. https://www.peoplekeep.com/blog/what-percent-of-health-insurance-is-paid-by-employers
  2. https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2018/demo/p60-264.html
  3. https://www.taxpolicycenter.org/briefing-book/how-does-tax-exclusion-employer-sponsored-health-insurance-work

The Uninsured

  1. https://www.kff.org/uninsured/fact-sheet/key-facts-about-the-uninsured-population/

Hospital Pricing

  1. https://lowninstitute.org/news/blog/new-report-sheds-light-on-hospital-price-variation/
  2. https://www.health.state.mn.us/news/pressrel/2018/costs080918.html
  3. ps://healthcarepricingproject.org/papers/paper-1
  4. https://www.vox.cohttm/policy-and-politics/2018/5/9/17337134/health-care-costs-hospital-rates-insurance

Universal Access

  1. https://www.sanders.senate.gov/download/single-payer-report?inline=file
  2. https://www.healthcarefinancenews.com/news/congressional-budget-office-looks-impact-medicare-all

Cost Sharing

  1. https://www.nerdwallet.com/blog/health/copay-vs-coinsurance/

DRG’s/ Prospective Pricing Modes

  1. https://www.cms.gov/icd10manual/version34-fullcode-cms/fullcode_cms/Design_and_development_of_the_Diagnosis_Related_Group_(DRGs)_PBL-038.pd
  2. https://www.verywellhealth.com/drg-101-what-is-a-drg-how-does-it-work-3916755
  3. https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/AcuteInpatientPPS/index.html

Pharmacy Benefit Managers/Pharmaceutical costs

  1. https://www.thinkbrg.com/media/publication/863_Vandervelde_PhRMA-January-2017_WEB-FINAL.pdf

Aging Population

  1. https://www.thinkrevivehealth.com/blog/five-ways-aging-population-impacting-healthcare-united-states
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